Subalternidad en Venezuela

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El proceso de formación de la identidad heterogénea (del venezolano subalterno) se ha ido desarrollando mediante una serie de negaciones que me interesaría relatar. Retomaré la especificadad de estas negaciones más adelante. Quizás estas negaciones propias de la constitución de la subalternidad ya no apunten al rol de defensa que ha caracterizado históricamente a la cultura subalterna o a la subalternidad en sí. Habría que recordar que el carácter decisivo de la cultura subalterna para Antonio Gramsci radica en el hecho de que es esta una posición de negación relacionada a las operaciones de la hegemonía, producto del espacio social (o de lo superestructural en la sociedad). La subalternidad y su constatación fáctica se da primordialmente en la defensa por parte de estratos subordinados de la vida, y no en el ataque a lo culturalmente hegemónico o en el deslinde de una ‘subcultura’ autónoma.

En el caso venezolano en donde las clases subalternas llevan gracias a la revolución bolivariana diez años no de defensa sino más bien de ataque, diez años de formación identitaria, se hace evidente que las negaciones de la subalternidad son otras. Y además la signatura de ese proceso de formación identitaria se encuentra en la cercanía al llamado ‘poder popular’. Las negaciones de la subalternidad venezolana se mueven, por así decirlo, desde lo positivo. En otras palabras, no únicamente en torno a la defensa de la vida o en la resistencia contra-hegemónica, sino en un nuevo espacio cultural crítico de la subalternidad. Esta cultura subalterna crítica--todavía fragmentada y sin sistematizaciones--ha logrando ciertos adelantos.

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